Liquefaction timing and post-triggering seismic energy: A comparison of crustal and subduction zone earthquakes

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Abstract

The objective of the study is to assess when liquefaction is triggered in a suite of ground motions following simplified approaches and measure the remaining post-triggering energy content of those ground motions. For liquefaction-induced deformations, current simplified analysis procedures do not directly incorporate temporal effects and rely on peak transient intensity measurements. Liquefaction hazard from short-duration, small to moderate-magnitude (M) earthquakes (M4.5–7.5) is adequately expressed using transient intensity measurements. However, subduction-zone interface earthquakes can have magnitudes greater than 9.0, with ground-motion durations exceeding 300 s. Using 525 ground motions from the NGA-Subduction (NGA-Sub) database for subduction-zone earthquakes with M8.25–9.25, the timing of liquefaction was calculated using cyclic counting procedures by assuming a reference stress condition and incorporating cyclic strengths from laboratory element testing. A complementary analysis was completed using 514 crustal ground motion records from the NGA-West2 database for M6.75–7.75. Several trends were identified during this study. First, liquefaction will likely trigger during the first half of the ground motion duration, independent of the earthquake source type. However, subduction-zone motions have larger post-triggering energy content compared to crustal earthquakes. The findings from this work indicate that accurately predicting liquefaction-induced deformations from subduction-zone earthquakes may be substantially improved by using robust time-based liquefaction analysis procedures.

Publication type Conference Paper
Title Liquefaction timing and post-triggering seismic energy: A comparison of crustal and subduction zone earthquakes
DOI 10.1061/9780784485316.026
Year Published 2024
Language English
Publisher American Society of Civil Engineers
Contributing office(s) Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism
Description 10 p.
Larger Work Type Book
Larger Work Subtype Conference publication
Larger Work Title Proceedings, Geo-Congress 2024
First page 240
Last page 249
Conference Title Geo-Congress 2024
Conference Location Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Conference Date February 25–28, 2024
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